What is Myofascial Pain?
Myofascial pain is a condition that affects the skeletal muscles, particularly those in the jaw, face, and neck. It is characterized by the presence of trigger points, also known as muscle knots, which can cause severe pain and restrict movement in the affected area. Deep fascia, which are layers of connective tissue separating the muscles, play a crucial role in maintaining normal function and elasticity, such as facilitating neck movement and eating. Myofascial pain occurs when these deep fascial layers are damaged, leading to impaired muscle performance.
Understanding Trigger Points and Other Symptoms of Myofascial Pain
Trigger points can develop due to various factors, including trauma, repetitive muscle overuse, or for unknown reasons. When touched, trigger points elicit pain and can refer pain to other muscles and body parts. Here are a few examples illustrating how trigger points can cause referred pain:
· A trigger point in the neck muscles may cause pain behind the eyes.
· Trigger points in the jaw muscles can result in a phantom toothache.
· Trigger points in the neck and jaw can lead to temple headaches.
According to (Robbins, 2014), trigger points are taut muscle fibers that release neurotransmitters, which activate pain receptors. To diagnose myofascial pain, thorough manual palpation of the head, neck, and jaw is highly recommended due to the referral patterns associated with these trigger points.
Can Muscle Knots Cause Facial Pain, Headaches, and TMJ Issues?
(Robbins, 2014) suggests that knots in the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and temporalis muscles of the cervical region often contribute to facial pain. This can manifest as headaches and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues. Chronic headaches like migraines or tension-type headaches can be triggered or exacerbated by trigger points in the trapezius or sternocleidomastoid muscles. Pain radiating from the temporalis and sternocleidomastoid muscles can also affect the jaw joints (Robbins, 2014).